Platyhelminthe

Platyhelminthe

TWITTY, JEFFREY ||
 * JONES, MACKENZIE ||
 * EBERT, MICHAELA ||
 * MARKIZON, JILLIAN
 * BATTISTE, CHRISTINA ||
 * OLSEN, ANDERS ||
 * MANZONI, GREGORY ||
 * DARDANELLI, MITCHELL ||
 * PETRACCIONE, NICHOLAS ||

=**__ Basic Structure: __**= > · The flat bodies they have allow them to take in oxygen on the ground · Very simple compared to other animals · Contain no body cavity other than a gut · Has only a mouth to both take in food and get rid of waste · Respire by diffusion ( Platyhelminthes are also known as flatworms because of their flat, wormlike shape) · Platyhelminthes range from being almost microscopic to over fifty meters large · They have a well developed nervous system with sensory and motor nerves · Their body is made up of __parenchyma-__ a mass of loose fibers made up of several different types of cells ·   · They have three cell layers- the endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm · Have cilia which have the purpose of filters · They are pretty much solid · N o skeletal system · U nsegmented body · Contain a pharynx which is a muscular tube which allows it to get food into it’s **__gastrovascular cavity__** (digestive track that has only one opening and branches throughout the body) · These small branches are called diverticula · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Flatworms have eye spots which are very simple and do not form an image for the flatworm which is why they are called eyespots instead of eyes · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">These eye spots face the sides and are slightly cup shaped <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">-Cannot see pictures through them, the platyhelminthes can tell the difference between light and dark
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">They were among the first animals to develop a wormlike shape and a basic internal structure · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Flatworms have no lungs or a circulatory system
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt; margin-left: 0.5in; text-indent: -0.25in;">Bilaterian (bilaterally symmetrical organism), Unsegmented, Soft-bodied, usually flat organisms

=**__ Unique Facts: __**= __Turbellaria__- free living animals that are found in oceans, freshwater and most terrestrial habitats. A few are parasitic, __Trematoda__(Flukes)- all are parasitic and have complex life cycles __Cestoda__(Tapeworms)- are intenstinal parasites in vertebrates are carnivores even though they do not have any teeth or scavengers
 * = Platyhelminthe were once divided into three groups: =

Within it's phylum, platyhelminthe is home to about **20,000** species
 * =**__ Classes of Animals included in the Phylum: __**=


 * Turbellaria
 * Nermertodermatida
 * Acoela
 * Catenulida
 * Macrostomida
 * Lecithoepithelidta
 * Rhabdocoela
 * Prolecithophora
 * Proseriata
 * Tricladida
 * Polycladida
 * Monogenea
 * Monopisthocotylea
 * Polyopishtocotylea
 * Trematoda
 * Digenea
 * Aspidogastrea
 * Cestoda
 * Cestodaria
 * Eucestoda

> Digenea
 * =__ Phylogenetic Tree of Classes included Platyhelminthe Phylum : __=
 * = [[image:http://bioweb.uwlax.edu/bio203/s2009/temanson_caro/New%20worm%20tree.JPG width="586" height="689"]] =
 * ** Color Pictures and Scientific Species Names of 5 Examples of Phylum **
 * Trematoda //Botulus microporus//
 * [[image:fyuikiljhg.jpg]]
 * **Cestoda**
 * **Monogenea**
 * Acoela[[image:ouiou.jpg]]


 * Geographic Distribution **
 * Found both in fresh and saltwater

=Feeding Mechanisms:=

· <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Platyhelminthes are able to feed on organisms that are a lot bigger than themselves. For example: arthropods, mollusks and tunicates · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">involves the pharynx · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">Turbellaria are mostly carnivores · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">some species can release mucus threads that attach to and help flatworms catch their prey · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">flatworms that only have a simple and ciliated pharynx can only feed on small organisms like Protozoan and Rotifers · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">if they have a muscular pharynx they can turn in outwards and force it through the external covering of the skin- tegument, of bigger animals like Annelids and Crustaceans and then take out their internal body organs and fluids · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">If they have a more advanced pharynx they can extend it over their prey until the animal is completely covered in it   · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">If the Platyhelminthe is a parasite then it attaches itself to a host which suffers while the animal benefits from its host. · <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 14pt;">An example of a parasitic Platyhelminthe is a tapeworm which can be found in humans, dogs, cats, and other animals and is caused by eating infected food. They then eat already digested food that their host takes in and can also reproduce inside of their host


 * ** Reproductive Mechanisms **
 * The reproductive system of flatworms is characteristically hermaphroditic (i.e., each individual produces both eggs and sperm), and cross-fertilization between individuals is typical.
 * ** Ecological Niche (“job” as a member of the environment) **
 * ==**The Platyhelminthe group contains parasites such as Tapeworm(__Hymenolepis diminuta__). The tapeworm's role in it’s environment is to control the population of species, because it will eventually kill by starving it’s host, by robbing them of there digested food.**==
 * ==**The Platyhelminthe group contains parasites such as Tapeworm(__Hymenolepis diminuta__). The tapeworm's role in it’s environment is to control the population of species, because it will eventually kill by starving it’s host, by robbing them of there digested food.**==
 * ==**The Platyhelminthe group contains parasites such as Tapeworm(__Hymenolepis diminuta__). The tapeworm's role in it’s environment is to control the population of species, because it will eventually kill by starving it’s host, by robbing them of there digested food.**==

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“Platyhelminthes: Flatworms, Tapeworms, Flukes.” //Tolweb.org// 15 Feb 2011. < [] >.

McCauley, Brian. “Flatworms: Phylum Platyhelminthes.” //Deanza.com.// 16 Feb 2011. < [] >.

Mitchell P., Anne. “All About Flatworms.” //Allaboutflatworms.com.// 16 Feb 2011. < []